Varicocele

Varicocele is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins that occur in the legs.

Specifically, it affects the pampiniform plexus, a network of veins in the spermatic cord that drains blood from the testicles.

This condition is most commonly found on the left side due to anatomical differences in venous drainage.

Varicoceles are prevalent in approximately 15% of adult men and can be a significant cause of infertility, as they may impact sperm production and quality by increasing testicular temperature.

The development of a varicocele is often associated with defective valves in the veins or compression of the venous drainage, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure.

Symptoms can vary; some individuals may experience a dull ache or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, particularly after prolonged standing or physical exertion, while others may be asymptomatic.

Diagnosis is typically confirmed through physical examination and may be supplemented with scrotal ultrasound to assess the size and flow of the veins.

Treatment options range from conservative management, such as wearing supportive underwear and anti-inflammatory medications, to surgical interventions aimed at redirecting blood flow or sealing off the affected veins.

Surgical options include open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and percutaneous embolization.

The choice of treatment is often influenced by the severity of symptoms, the impact on fertility, and the patient's personal preferences.