Thyroglossal duct cyst

A thyroglossal duct cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct, an embryological remnant left from the thyroid gland's development.

This condition primarily affects the neck region, where the thyroid gland is located.

During embryonic development, the thyroid gland descends from the base of the tongue to its final position in the neck.

Occasionally, the thyroglossal duct, which guides this descent, fails to disappear completely, resulting in a cyst.

These cysts are typically midline and can become noticeable as a swelling in the neck, which may move when swallowing or sticking the tongue out.

They are usually benign but can become infected, leading to pain and swelling.

Rarely, they may harbor malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common type associated with these cysts.

Thyroglossal duct cysts are often diagnosed using imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scans, which can clearly demonstrate the cystic nature of the mass.

Treatment typically involves surgical removal, known as the Sistrunk procedure, which decreases the risk of recurrence and helps prevent potential complications such as infection or malignancy.

Educating patients about the signs of infection and the importance of follow-up care post-surgery is crucial for optimal health outcomes.