Subchondral insufficiency fracture

Subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) is a type of stress fracture that occurs beneath the cartilage of a joint.

Most commonly seen in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips, this condition is characterized by a fracture in the subchondral bone, the layer of bone just below the cartilage.

These fractures are often due to repetitive stress or reduced bone strength, which can be influenced by factors such as osteoporosis, aging, and chronic joint stress.

The condition typically presents with sudden onset of joint pain, which may be accompanied by swelling and reduced range of motion.

It is particularly prevalent in older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to the decreased bone density associated with aging.

Diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging techniques, with MRI being the most sensitive modality, but it can also be detected with a full-body scan.

Managing SIF involves addressing the underlying causes such as osteoporosis or mechanical stress, along with rest and pain management.

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary if conservative treatment fails.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further joint damage and to maintain mobility.