Splenic infarction

Splenic infarction is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to the spleen is disrupted, leading to tissue death or necrosis within the organ.

The spleen, located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, plays a crucial role in filtering blood, fighting bacteria, and managing blood cells.

When blood flow to the spleen is compromised, typically due to an obstruction such as a blood clot or embolism in the splenic artery, it can result in an infarction.

The condition may present with sharp or dull left upper abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and referred pain to the left shoulder.

Causes can include hematological disorders like sickle cell disease, trauma, infections, or cardiovascular conditions such as atrial fibrillation that predispose individuals to embolic events.

Diagnosis is generally confirmed through imaging studies, most commonly with a CT scan of the abdomen, which can visualize the infarcted areas of the spleen.

Ultrasound and MRI may also be utilized depending on the clinical scenario.

Treatment of splenic infarction often involves addressing the underlying cause, managing pain, and monitoring for complications such as splenic abscess or rupture.

In some cases, hospitalization may be required for observation and supportive care.

Surgical intervention is rare but may be necessary if complications occur.

Splenic infarction highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system and managing conditions that can lead to thromboembolic events.