Spinal epidural lipomatosis

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated adipose tissue in the epidural space of the spinal canal.

This excess fatty tissue can exert pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots, potentially causing symptoms such as back pain, neurological deficits, or even paraplegia in severe cases.

While the spine is the primary site affected, the condition can manifest anywhere along the spinal column, including the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions, affecting the neck, chest, and abdomen.

This condition is often associated with exogenous steroid use, obesity, and endocrinopathies such as Cushing's syndrome.

Diagnosis is typically achieved through imaging techniques, with MRI being the most sensitive method for detecting epidural fat accumulation.

CT scans can also be used but are less effective in differentiating between fat and other soft tissues.

Management of spinal epidural lipomatosis involves addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing steroid therapy or weight reduction, along with surgical decompression in cases where conservative measures fail to alleviate symptoms.

Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical implications of spinal epidural lipomatosis is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively diagnose and manage this condition.