Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis, is a painful infection in a joint that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

The condition most commonly affects large joints such as the knees, hips, and shoulders, but can involve any joint in the body.

When an infectious agent enters the joint space, it leads to inflammation and can cause rapid joint damage if not treated promptly.

Typically, septic arthritis presents with sudden onset of intense pain, swelling, warmth, and redness over the affected joint, accompanied by fever and chills.

This condition is considered a medical emergency because the infection can quickly destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint if left untreated, leading to permanent joint dysfunction.

Diagnosis often involves joint aspiration to obtain synovial fluid for analysis, which can reveal the presence of microorganisms.

Imaging studies like MRI or ultrasound can support the diagnosis by showing joint effusion and other signs of inflammation, but the definitive diagnosis is usually made with the fluid analysis.

Prompt treatment is crucial and typically involves antibiotics targeted against the causative organism, and sometimes surgical intervention to drain the infected joint.

Septic arthritis requires immediate medical attention to prevent irreversible joint damage and systemic spread of the infection.

Early and effective treatment can result in a full recovery without lasting consequences.