Scheuermann disease

Scheuermann disease, also known as Scheuermann's kyphosis, is a structural deformity of the spine characterized by an excessive curvature in the thoracic region, often leading to a distinct hunchback appearance.

This condition arises during adolescence, a critical period of skeletal growth, and is more prevalent in males than females.

The exact etiology remains unclear, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic, biomechanical, and possibly nutritional factors.

In Scheuermann disease, the vertebrae are wedged, and the intervertebral discs are irregular, contributing to the kyphotic curve.

This structural anomaly is typically identified during a routine physical examination or when symptoms such as back pain and stiffness become apparent.

It's important to distinguish this condition from postural kyphosis, which is more flexible and does not involve vertebral wedging.

Diagnostic imaging, particularly X-rays, is crucial for confirming the diagnosis, showing the characteristic wedge-shaped vertebrae and the degree of curvature.

Advanced imaging techniques like MRI may be utilized to assess any associated soft tissue and disc involvement.

Treatment for Scheuermann disease varies depending on the severity of the curve and the presence of symptoms.

Conservative management includes physical therapy focusing on strengthening and stretching exercises, along with pain management strategies.

In more severe cases, bracing or even surgical intervention might be considered to correct the curvature and alleviate symptoms.

Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring during the growth years.