Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare type of tumor that occurs at the base of the coccyx, or tailbone, in the sacroiliac region.

It is a germ cell tumor, meaning it arises from pluripotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into various types of tissues.

This condition is most commonly found in newborns and is more prevalent in females than males.

Sacrococcygeal teratomas can vary significantly in size, from small, asymptomatic lesions to large masses that can cause complications.

These tumors can be benign or malignant, and they often contain a variety of tissue types, including hair, muscle, and even bone.

The presence of different tissue types is due to the germ cell origin of the tumor, which can differentiate into multiple cell lines.

Sacrococcygeal teratomas are usually detected during prenatal ultrasounds or shortly after birth.

They may cause symptoms related to their size and location, such as obstruction of the rectum or urinary tract, or they may lead to high-output cardiac failure in the fetus due to increased blood flow to the tumor.

Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans are used for diagnosis and to assess the extent of the tumor.

Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and the prognosis is generally good if the tumor is completely excised.

However, regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for any recurrence or complications.

Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure better outcomes for affected individuals.