Ranula

A ranula is a type of mucous cyst that forms in the floor of the mouth, typically as a result of obstruction or rupture of the salivary glands, particularly the sublingual gland.

It appears as a translucent, bluish swelling and can vary in size.

The term 'ranula' is derived from the Latin word for frog, 'rana,' due to the resemblance to a frog's underbelly.

Ranulas can be classified into two types: simple ranulas, which are confined to the mouth, and plunging ranulas, which extend into the neck.

This condition is generally benign, but it can cause discomfort, difficulties with speech or swallowing, and noticeable swelling that can affect the aesthetics of the mouth and face.

Diagnosis is often clinical, but imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans may be used to assess the extent of the cyst, especially if a plunging ranula is suspected.

Treatment options include marsupialization, where the cyst is opened and sutured to prevent reformation, or complete excision of the affected gland to prevent recurrence.

Ranulas are more common in adolescents and young adults, though they can occur at any age.

Prompt treatment is recommended to alleviate symptoms and prevent potential complications.