Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder characterized by a set of symptoms that include headaches, seizures, altered mental states, and visual disturbances.

It is often associated with acute hypertension, eclampsia, renal failure, or the use of immunosuppressive medications.

The condition primarily affects the brain, particularly in the posterior regions, which include the parietal and occipital lobes.

These areas are responsible for processing sensory information and visual signals, respectively.

In PRES, the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, leading to vasogenic edema, which is swelling caused by fluid leakage from blood vessels into the brain tissue.

This swelling is typically reversible, hence the name, if the underlying cause is promptly identified and treated.

The condition is diagnosed through imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, which reveal characteristic patterns of edema in the affected brain regions.

Management of PRES involves controlling blood pressure, addressing the underlying cause, and monitoring neurological symptoms.

Most patients recover fully with appropriate treatment, but early diagnosis is crucial to prevent permanent damage.

Understanding and recognizing the symptoms early can significantly improve outcomes, making awareness and education about PRES vital in medical practice.