Pleural fibrothorax

Pleural fibrothorax is a condition that affects the lungs, specifically involving the pleura, which is the thin membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity.

This condition is characterized by the thickening and scarring (fibrosis) of the pleural space, often leading to the fusion of the pleural layers.

It typically arises as a complication of pleuritis, previous infections like tuberculosis, or after procedures such as pleurodesis, which is intended to eliminate the pleural space to prevent recurrent pleural effusions or pneumothorax.

As the pleural layers thicken and potentially calcify, the elasticity of the lungs can be severely impaired, resulting in restricted lung expansion and a decrease in lung volume.

This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and a reduction in exercise capacity.

Diagnosis is often achieved through imaging studies such as chest X-rays and CT scans, which reveal pleural thickening and possible calcifications.

Management of pleural fibrothorax can be challenging and may involve surgical interventions, such as decortication, to remove the fibrotic pleura and restore lung function, or it may focus on symptomatic relief and respiratory therapy to improve quality of life.

Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and to preserve pulmonary function.

Regular follow-ups and pulmonary rehabilitation may also be recommended to manage the condition effectively.