Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor that primarily affects the salivary glands, with the parotid gland being the most common site.

It is characterized by its mixed cellular composition, containing both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, which gives rise to its name 'pleomorphic' or 'mixed' tumor.

These tumors are typically slow-growing and present as painless, firm masses in the region of the affected gland.

Clinically, pleomorphic adenomas are notable for their potential to grow to significant sizes if left untreated, although they rarely become malignant.

The typical presentation includes a swelling or lump in the area of the salivary gland, often in front of or below the ear, or under the jaw, depending on which gland is involved.

Diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, which can help in assessing the extent of the tumor and its effect on surrounding structures.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy may also be used to obtain a tissue sample for histological examination.

The primary treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision, with care taken to preserve facial nerve function, particularly in cases involving the parotid gland.

Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for recurrence, as incomplete resection can lead to regrowth of the tumor.

Overall, the prognosis for patients with pleomorphic adenoma is excellent, with a low rate of recurrence when appropriately managed.