Pilonidal sinus

A pilonidal sinus is a small cyst or abscess that occurs in the cleft at the top of the buttocks.

The term 'pilonidal' refers to a 'nest of hair', and the condition is characterized by the presence of hair and skin debris trapped in the skin, which can lead to the formation of a cyst or sinus.

This condition is more common in men than in women and typically affects young adults.

The condition can be caused by a combination of factors such as hair growth direction, friction, and prolonged sitting, which push hair into the skin.

These hairs cause a foreign body reaction, leading to inflammation and potential infection.

Clinically, a pilonidal sinus may present with pain, redness, and swelling over the affected area, and it may also drain pus or blood.

In some cases, it can become a chronic condition with recurrent infections, necessitating surgical intervention.

Diagnosing a pilonidal sinus typically involves a physical examination, but imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI may be used in complex cases to assess the extent of the sinus and any associated abscesses.

Treatment options range from conservative management with hygiene and hair removal to surgical procedures aimed at excising the sinus tract and preventing recurrence.

Proper wound care and follow-up are essential components of successful management.