Pelvic lymphocele

A pelvic lymphocele is a fluid-filled sac that forms as a result of lymphatic fluid accumulation in the pelvic region, typically following pelvic surgery or trauma.

The lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes and vessels, is responsible for draining excess fluids and waste products from tissues and aiding in immune function.

However, when lymphatic vessels are disrupted or damaged, for instance during surgical procedures such as lymph node dissection or pelvic surgeries, lymph fluid may leak into surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of a lymphocele.

In the pelvis, lymphoceles can exert pressure on adjacent structures such as the bladder, ureters, or blood vessels, potentially causing symptoms such as pelvic pain, swelling, urinary difficulties, or even lower limb edema if they compress blood vessels.

While some lymphoceles are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously, others may require intervention if they cause significant symptoms or complications.

Diagnosis of a pelvic lymphocele typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT (Computed Tomography), or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which can confirm the presence and size of the lymphocele.

Treatment options may include observation, percutaneous drainage, or surgical intervention, depending on the size of the lymphocele and the severity of symptoms.

The choice of treatment is guided by the lymphocele's impact on the patient's health and quality of life.