Parotid gland enlargement/hypertrophy

Parotid gland enlargement, also known as parotid hypertrophy, refers to the swelling or increase in size of the parotid glands.

These are the largest of the salivary glands and are located in the oral region, specifically adjacent to the ears above the jawline.

The condition can be unilateral (affecting one gland) or bilateral (affecting both glands).

This enlargement can result from a variety of causes, including infections like mumps, autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, or blockages due to stones in the salivary ducts.

In some cases, it may be associated with benign or malignant tumors.

Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, can also contribute to parotid hypertrophy, often seen in alcohol use disorders.

The swelling can lead to discomfort, pain, and reduced ability to open the mouth fully.

In some instances, it may cause facial asymmetry or pressure on adjacent structures leading to further complications.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI, and sometimes biopsy to determine the underlying cause.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgical intervention, or lifestyle modifications.

Understanding the precise cause is essential for effective management of this condition.