Parathyroid hyperplasia

Parathyroid hyperplasia is a condition characterized by the enlargement of all four parathyroid glands, located adjacent to the thyroid in the neck.

These small glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

In hyperplasia, the overgrowth of parathyroid tissue leads to excessive production of PTH, resulting in hypercalcemia, or elevated calcium levels in the bloodstream.

The condition can arise sporadically or as part of genetic syndromes such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia types 1 and 2.

Symptoms associated with parathyroid hyperplasia include fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, kidney stones, and cognitive disturbances, as excess calcium impacts various bodily systems.

Diagnosis often involves blood tests to assess calcium and PTH levels, alongside imaging studies.

Parathyroid hyperplasia can be detected using scans that evaluate the neck region, such as ultrasound or more comprehensive imaging like a Head & Torso scan, which may include CT or MRI.

Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to remove the hyperplastic glands or a portion of them, aiming to restore normal calcium balance and alleviate symptoms.

It is crucial for affected individuals to receive careful monitoring and management to prevent complications related to calcium imbalance.