Osteoid osteoma

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that commonly affects children and young adults, particularly males.

It is characterized by the formation of a small, painful, osteoid-producing neoplasm usually less than 15 millimeters in diameter.

These tumors are most frequently found in the long bones of the lower extremities, such as the femur and tibia, though they can occur in any bone.

The hallmark symptom of an osteoid osteoma is nocturnal pain that responds well to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

The pain is due to the production of prostaglandins by the tumor, which induces inflammation and irritation in the surrounding bone and soft tissues.

Radiographically, osteoid osteomas appear as a small radiolucent nidus with surrounding sclerosis on X-rays.

However, this condition can be more accurately detected and assessed using advanced imaging techniques such as CT scans, which provide detailed views of the nidus and its relationship to the surrounding bone structures.

MRI can also be utilized to visualize associated bone marrow edema and soft tissue changes.

While osteoid osteomas are benign and do not spread to other parts of the body, they can cause significant discomfort and functional impairment if located near joints or in weight-bearing bones.

Treatment options range from conservative management with NSAIDs to surgical procedures such as radiofrequency ablation, which involves heating the nidus to destroy the tumor cells.

This condition, although benign, requires careful evaluation and management to ensure optimal patient outcomes.