Os odontoideum

Os odontoideum is a rare orthopedic condition characterized by an anomalous separation of the odontoid process (dens) from the body of the second cervical vertebra (C2, also known as the axis) in the spine.

This condition can lead to instability in the cervical spine, particularly at the C1-C2 level, which is crucial for neck rotation.

The cause of os odontoideum is not entirely clear, with hypotheses suggesting either a congenital origin or an acquired condition following trauma or injury.

Symptoms can vary widely, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to causing neck pain, restricted neck movement, or even neurological deficits due to spinal cord compression.

The condition can be detected through imaging techniques, particularly with MRI or CT scans, which provide detailed visualization of the bone structures and any associated instability.

Management of os odontoideum involves careful monitoring and, in cases where there is significant instability or neurological involvement, surgical intervention may be required to stabilize the cervical spine.