Mesenteric panniculitis

Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare inflammatory condition that affects the adipose tissue of the mesentery, which is a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, providing support and containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Although the exact cause of mesenteric panniculitis is not well understood, it is thought to involve an abnormal immune response that leads to chronic inflammation.

Clinically, mesenteric panniculitis can present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and changes in bowel habits, though some individuals may remain asymptomatic.

The inflammation can cause the mesentery to become thickened and fibrotic, potentially leading to complications such as bowel obstruction.

Diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis primarily relies on imaging studies.

A CT scan of the abdomen is most commonly used, revealing a characteristic 'misty mesentery' appearance.

MRI can also be utilized for further evaluation.

The condition may be incidentally discovered during imaging for other reasons, given its often asymptomatic nature.

Treatment strategies for mesenteric panniculitis can vary based on the severity of symptoms.

Mild cases may not require treatment, while more severe cases might necessitate medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents to reduce inflammation.

Surgery is rarely needed unless complications like bowel obstruction occur.

Understanding mesenteric panniculitis is essential for managing the condition effectively and alleviating symptoms that may impact quality of life.

Ongoing research seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms and potential genetic or environmental factors contributing to its development.