Mediastinal lipomatosis

Mediastinal lipomatosis is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that houses vital organs such as the heart, major blood vessels, and portions of the trachea and esophagus.

This condition is typically benign, but the increased fat deposition can lead to compression of these structures, potentially resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or cough.

While mediastinal lipomatosis is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging for other reasons, it can occasionally be associated with obesity, Cushing's syndrome, or long-term steroid use.

Radiologically, it is identified as an enlargement of the mediastinal area on imaging studies like chest X-rays or more definitively on CT scans, where the fat density within the mediastinum can be clearly visualized.

Management of mediastinal lipomatosis is typically conservative, focusing on addressing any underlying conditions such as obesity or endocrine disorders.

In rare cases where the fat accumulation causes significant symptomatic compression, surgical intervention may be considered.

Regular monitoring and follow-up imaging are usually recommended to assess for any progression of the condition.