Insufficiency fracture

An insufficiency fracture is a type of stress fracture that occurs when normal or physiological stress is placed on bone with compromised elasticity and strength.

These fractures often occur in bones weakened by osteoporosis, radiation therapy, or other metabolic bone diseases.

Unlike typical stress fractures that are a result of overuse or high-impact activities, insufficiency fractures can occur during normal activities, such as walking or standing.

The condition predominantly affects weight-bearing bones such as the pelvis, sacrum, and spine, but it can also involve other bony structures.

Patients with insufficiency fractures often experience pain localized to the affected area, which may worsen with weight-bearing activities.

It is important to diagnose and manage these fractures promptly to avoid complications such as immobilization and potential deformity.

Imaging studies such as MRI, CT scans, or bone scans are useful in diagnosing insufficiency fractures as they can reveal edema, bone marrow changes, and fracture lines that may not be visible on standard X-rays.

Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of bone weakness, pain management, and in some cases, surgical intervention to stabilize the fracture.

Preventive strategies may include calcium and vitamin D supplementation, medications to strengthen bone, and lifestyle modifications to reduce fracture risk.