Fungal sinusitis

Fungal sinusitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the sinuses due to a fungal infection.

The sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones around the nose, and they play an essential role in humidifying and filtering the air we breathe.

This condition is more prevalent in individuals with weakened immune systems, allergies, or pre-existing sinus problems.

Fungal sinusitis can be broadly categorized into non-invasive and invasive types.

Non-invasive fungal sinusitis is the more common form and includes conditions like allergic fungal sinusitis, where the body's immune response to fungi leads to thick mucus and nasal polyps.

Invasive fungal sinusitis is more severe and can cause the fungi to spread into nearby tissues, including bone, and in severe cases, the brain.

Symptoms can include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, headache, and a reduction in the sense of smell.

In more severe cases, especially with invasive fungal sinusitis, there may be neurological symptoms if the infection spreads to the brain.

Diagnosis often involves imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, which help visualize the extent of sinus involvement and any potential spread to adjacent structures.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially in invasive forms, to prevent complications.

Management typically involves antifungal medications and may require surgical intervention to remove fungal masses or improve sinus drainage.

Maintaining good sinus hygiene and managing underlying conditions can help prevent recurrence.