Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is a condition seen in newborns where one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Normally, the testes develop in the abdomen and gradually move down into the scrotum before birth.

However, in cases of cryptorchidism, this descent is incomplete or entirely absent, affecting approximately 3% of full-term and up to 30% of premature male infants.

The condition is significant because the undescended testis is exposed to the higher internal body temperature of the abdomen, which can impair spermatogenesis and potentially lead to infertility if left uncorrected.

Furthermore, cryptorchidism is associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer, particularly if surgical correction is delayed beyond puberty.

Diagnosis of cryptorchidism is primarily clinical, involving a physical examination to locate the testis.

However, imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI may be employed if the testis is non-palpable.

The condition is generally identified shortly after birth or during routine pediatric examinations.

Treatment usually involves surgical intervention, known as orchidopexy, to relocate the undescended testis into the scrotum.

Ideally, this procedure is performed before the child reaches one year of age to minimize potential complications.

Understanding and early detection of cryptorchidism are crucial for preventing adverse effects on fertility and reducing the risk of malignancy, emphasizing the importance of regular pediatric check-ups.