Carotid artery stenosis

Carotid artery stenosis is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing of the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain.

This condition is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque, composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, builds up on the artery walls.

The narrowing of these arteries can significantly reduce blood flow to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke, which is a potentially life-threatening event.

In carotid artery stenosis, the decreased blood flow can lead to transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), often referred to as 'mini-strokes,' which serve as warning signs for a possible future stroke.

Symptoms of TIAs and strokes can include sudden numbness or weakness in the face or limbs, especially on one side of the body, confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography to visualize the extent of narrowing in the carotid arteries.

Management of carotid artery stenosis may include lifestyle changes, medications to manage risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol, and surgical interventions such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting to restore adequate blood flow.

Early detection and management are crucial in preventing strokes and ensuring optimal brain function.

Regular check-ups and monitoring for individuals at risk are recommended to manage this condition effectively.