Branchial cleft cyst

A branchial cleft cyst is a congenital epithelial cyst that arises on the lateral part of the neck due to incomplete obliteration of the branchial clefts during embryonic development.

These cysts are most commonly found in children and young adults, although they can occasionally present later in life.

They typically appear as a smooth, soft, and painless mass on one side of the neck and can vary in size.

Branchial cleft cysts may become noticeable when they become infected, which can cause swelling, tenderness, and discomfort.

Infection can also lead to abscess formation and, in some cases, drainage of fluid from the cyst to the skin surface.

The diagnosis of a branchial cleft cyst is usually made based on clinical examination and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.

These imaging modalities help in assessing the cyst's size, location, and relationship to other neck structures.

Surgical excision is the treatment of choice to prevent recurrent infections and potential complications.

While generally benign, branchial cleft cysts warrant careful evaluation and management to avoid complications.

They are an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of neck masses in young individuals.