Anal/rectal carcinoma

Anal/rectal carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus or rectum, which are parts of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

This condition predominantly affects the lining of these areas where abnormal cell growth can form malignant tumors.

Being classified under the broader category of colorectal cancers, anal/rectal carcinoma can present symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, or discomfort in the anal region, and changes in bowel habits.

The pathogenesis often involves mutations in the cellular DNA that lead to uncontrolled cell division and tumor formation.

Risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, smoking, and a history of anal intercourse, which can increase the vulnerability to this type of cancer.

Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, endoscopic procedures like colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, and biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.

Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which fall under the Torso scan category, are employed to assess the extent of the disease and any possible metastasis.

Treatment strategies vary based on the stage of the cancer and may include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

The prognosis depends on various factors, including the size and spread of the tumor at the time of diagnosis.

Early detection is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.